Conjunctivitis ( Pink Eye)

             Conjunctivitis (also called pink eye or madras eye) refers to inflammation of the conjunctiva (the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids). It is most commonly due to an infection (usually viral, but sometimes bacterial) or an allergic reaction.

By cause

• Allergic conjunctivitis
• Bacterial conjunctivitis
• Viral conjunctivitis
• Chemical conjunctivitis
• Neonatal conjunctivitis is often defined separately due to different organisms

By extent of involvement

Blepharoconjunctivitis is the dual combination of conjunctivitis with blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids).

Keratoconjunctivitis is the combination of conjunctivitis and keratitis (corneal inflammation).

Episcleritis is an inflammatory condition that produces a similar appearance to conjunctivitis, but without discharge or tearing.

Signs and symptoms

Eye with allergic conjunctivitis

Eyes with conjunctivitis

An eye, red due to acute conjunctivitis.

An eye with bacterial conjunctivitis.

Red eye (hyperaemia), irritation (chemosis) and watering (epiphora) of the eyes are symptoms common to all forms of conjunctivitis. However, the pupils should be normally reactive and the visual acuity normal.

Viral

Viral conjunctivitis is often associated with an infection of the upper respiratory tract, a common cold, and/or a sore throat. Its symptoms include watery discharge and variable itch. The infection usually begins with one eye, but may spread easily to the other.

Viral conjunctivitis, commonly known as "pink eye", shows a fine, diffuse pinkness of the conjunctiva, which is easily mistaken for the ciliary injection of iritis, but there are usually corroborative signs on microscopy, particularly numerous lymphoid follicles on the tarsal conjunctiva, and sometimes a punctate keratitis.

Bacterial

Bacterial conjunctivitis due to common pyogenic (pus-producing) bacteria causes marked grittiness/irritation and a stringy, opaque, greyish or yellowish mucopurulent discharge that may cause the lids to stick together, especially after sleep. Another symptom that could be caused by bacterial conjunctivitis is severe crusting of the infected eye and the surrounding skin. However, contrary to popular belief, discharge is not essential to the diagnosis. Bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Moraxella can cause a non-exudative but persistent conjunctivitis without much redness. The gritty and/or scratchy feeling is sometimes localized enough for patients to insist they must have a foreign body in the eye. The more acute pyogenic infections can be painful. Like viral conjunctivitis, it usually affects only one eye but may spread easily to the other eye. However, it is dormant in the eye for three days before the patient shows signs of symptoms.Corynebacterium diphtheriaecauses membrane formation in conjunctiva of non immunized children and very rare disease called Acute membrane conjunctivitis

Chemical

Chemical eye injury is due to either an acidic or alkali substance getting in the eye. Alkalis are typically worse than acidic burns. Mild burns will produce conjunctivitis while more severe burns may cause the cornea to turn white. Litmus paper is an easy way to rule out the diagnosis by verifying that the pH is within the normal range of 7.0—7.2. Large volumes of irrigation is the treatment of choice and should continue until the pH is 6—8. Local anaesthetic eye drops can be used to decrease the pain.

Irritant or toxic conjunctivitis show primarily marked redness. If due to splash injury, it is often present only in the lower conjunctival sac. With some chemicals, above all with caustic alkalis such assodium hydroxide, there may be necrosis of the conjunctiva with a deceptively white eye due to vascular closure, followed by sloughing of the dead epithelium. This is likely to be associated with slit-lamp evidence of anterior uveitis.

Other

Inclusion conjunctivitis of the newborn (ICN) is a conjunctivitis that may be caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis, and may lead to acute, purulent conjunctivitis. However, it is usually self-healing.

Conjunctivitis is identified by irritation and redness of the conjunctiva. Except in obvious pyogenic or toxic/chemical conjunctivitis, a slit lamp (biomicroscope) is needed to have any confidence in the diagnosis. Examination of the tarsal conjunctiva is usually more diagnostic than the bulbar conjunctiva.

Causes

Conjunctivitis is most commonly caused by viral infection, but bacterial infections, allergies, other irritants and dryness are also common etiologies for its occurrence. Both bacterial and viral infections are contagious. Commonly, conjunctival infections are passed from person-to-person, but can also spread through contaminated objects or water.

The most common cause of viral conjunctivitis is adenoviruses. Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis (caused by herpes simplex viruses) can be serious and requires treatment with acyclovir. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is a highly contagious disease caused by one of two enteroviruses, Enterovirus 70 and Coxsackievirus A24. These were first identified in an outbreak in Ghana in 1969, and have spread worldwide since then, causing several epidemics.

Diagnosis

Cultures are done infrequently because most cases of conjunctivitis are treated empirically and (eventually) successfully, but often only after running the gamut of the common possibilities.

Swabs for bacterial culture are necessary if the history and signs suggest bacterial conjunctivitis, but there is no response to topical antibiotics. Research studies indicate many bacteria implicated in low-grade conjunctivitis are not detected by the usual culture methods of medical microbiology labs, so false negative results are common. Viral culture may be appropriate in epidemic case clusters. Conjunctival scrapes for cytology can be useful in detectingchlamydial and fungal infections, allergy and dysplasia, but are rarely done because of the cost and the general lack of laboratory staff experienced in handling ocular specimens. Conjunctival incisional biopsy is occasionally done whengranulomatous diseases (e.g., sarcoidosis) or dysplasia are suspected.

The redness and swelling of viral, environmental, or allergic conjunctivitis can really disrupt your day.

Pink Eye Relief products....

Eye

The human eye is an organ which reacts to light for several purposes.

      As a conscious sense organ, the eye allows vision. Rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision including color differentiation and the perception of depth. The human eye can distinguish about 10 million colors.

       In common with the eyes of other mammals, the human eye's non-image-forming photosensitive ganglion cells in the retina receive the light signals which affect adjustment of the size of the pupil, regulation and suppression of the hormone melatonin and entrainment of the body clock.

Importance of EYE :

Eyes are really important. It makes us see all things may it ugly or pretty.

           Close your eyes and imagine you have not seen ever since the world and yourself. You will not have an idea with what it looks like when you only feel it. Eyes are very important for the human body. It helps the human body to do its tasks with coordination. Without it, a man won't be able to see the beauty of this wonderful world. Eyes are the windows of the soul. Without eyes, the five basic senses would not be complete. So, it should be present. 

           Eyes are the parts of our body that perceive light. They allow us to see the world and to understand how objects relate to each other. We can distinguish far objects from close ones and determine their color and shape.

            

How do the eyes interact with other parts of the body? (Interaction with other Body Parts)

       The brain processes the raw data from the eyes to make sense of what you see compared to your knowledge of the world around you. The brain interprets what it receives from the eyes. You do not directly "see".

         A clear example of this can be seen from experiments where subjects wear glasses that invert the view (turn it upside down). After a while the brain will adjust and turn the scene back up the right way because that agrees with other more reliable information you are receiving.

        Similarly the brain adjusts changes in color and light levels to better match how the objects should appear.

           It also combines the two slightly different views from your left and right eyes to work out the distance of objects from you. Your right eye will show a little more of an object's right side and the left eye will show more of an objects' left side. This is called stereoscopic vision. The difference between the views from each eye becomes less the further the object is away from you.

             Our perceptions are not perfect and can lead to misinterpretations of what we see. These are called optical illusions.However even though the brain's processing can be inaccurate, at most times we perceive a faithful reconstruction of the real world. Only optical illusions remind us that there is at times a difference between perception and the true state of affairs. Without our eyes and the complex processing of visual information by our brains we would not be able to make sense of writing, art or photos, nor understand as much as we do from limited visual information.

"If you care your Eye "

"If you don't care your Eye"

This are some products using that u can care your beautiful Eye...

Dark spot on eye :

        The human eyeball contains a clear transparent gel like structure called the "vitreous". 

       The vitreous consists mainly of water and a few solid elements. The 'solid' portion consists of collagen fibrils and molecules of hyaluronic acid. 

       As we grow older, there is a chemical change in the vitreous causing it to become "more liquid". This is also associated with 'grouping' or 'aggregation' of the collagen fibrils into small clumps.

      These 'clumps' throw a shadow on the retina producing a sensation of 'dots' or 'threads' - this is commonly referred to as a 'Floater'.

        Over time you will become less aware of these floaters as the brain learns to ignore these retinal images. Therefore, some floaters may remain in your vision, but many of them will fade over time and become less bothersome.

         Floaters, if present since a long time or increasing in number very gradually, are harmless. They may be annoying but do not cause any problems. However, if a new floater comes on abruptly or if there is a sudden increase in the number of floaters, then you must be examined immediately to rule out a retinal tear.

      Debris in the tear film can sometimes produce a sensation of 'moving dots' across the line of sight.

     The key to differentiating, debris in the tear film from vitreous floaters is that they disappear with blinking only - without eye movement. 

       Vitreous floaters typically will move more with eye movements rather than with blinking. 

      In most cases floaters are simply an annoyance. An eye examination will usually reveal if there's something serious that needs medical attention. 

      Sudden appearance of new floaters, sometimes accompanied by apparent flashes of light in the peripheral (side) vision, should be evaluated by an qualified ophthalmologist. 

       On rare occasions, these symptoms can be a danger sign that a retinal tear has occurred. The only way to diagnose the actual cause of the problem is by a complete eye examination -- preferably by a vitreoretinal specialist. 

REMOVE DARK SPOT FROM YOUR EYE...

Dark circles under Eyes or Dark Circles Beneath eyes :

          Dark circles under eyes are very common beauty complaint. Nine out of 10 people have dark circles under their eyes at one time or another. How dark circles under eyes are caused ? The skin under our eyes is very thin. As we get exposed to sun rays, the skin under the eyes gets damaged and becomes more thin and wrinkled. The veins below this thin skin start looking prominent. Thus the wrinkles and prominent veins form dark circles. Some times pigmentation also causes dark circles.

Causes of dark circles under eyes:

       Age, Over exposure to sun, Lack of sleep, Lack of nutrients, Allergies, Eczema, Asthma, Hereditary, Fatigue, Chronic diseases, Pregnancy, Menstruation

Solutions for under eye dark circles :

Take care your EYE....